Who, which, that: relative clauses in real sentences

Your target in Who, which, that: relative clauses in real sentences

Builds defining and non-defining relatives with correct commas and pronouns

Who, which, that: relative clauses in real sentences starts with a situation you can recognise. Complete the model task, produce your own version and identify one point to improve.

Read the situation first

Listen to the model

Try this before reading the rule

Before reading the explanation, say what you notice in the models. Which words carry the main meaning? Which choice shows the relationship, time or purpose? Predict the rule, then check it below.

What changes the meaning

Use who for people, which for things, and that in defining clauses.

Read each model for meaning first. On the second reading, notice the form or communication move. On the third, cover it and rebuild it from memory. This order prevents the rule from becoming a fact you recognise but cannot use.

• which: use it in one true sentence of your own.
• relative: use it in one true sentence of your own.
• clauses: use it in one true sentence of your own.
• real: use it in one true sentence of your own.
• sentences: use it in one true sentence of your own.

Professional control also means knowing the limit of a pattern. Do not force it into every sentence. Choose it when it makes the message more accurate, easier to follow or better suited to the listener.

Wrong and right

Test the pattern

Answer every item, read the feedback and try again when needed. The quiz is practice, not a gate.

A longer practice lab

Work in writing, then choose three answers to say aloud. Each response should be complete enough for someone who did not read this page.

1. Turn one weak sentence into a clearer version for a real listener.
2. Create a short question whose answer would require relative.
3. Read your answer aloud and remove one word that adds no meaning.
4. Use real in a polite reply, then in a direct reply.
5. Write one true sentence that uses sentences and fits the lesson target.
6. Say the first model again, but change its person, place or time.
7. Turn one weak sentence into a clearer version for a real listener.
8. Create a short question whose answer would require clauses.
9. Read your answer aloud and remove one word that adds no meaning.
10. Use sentences in a polite reply, then in a direct reply.
11. Write one true sentence that uses which and fits the lesson target.
12. Say the first model again, but change its person, place or time.
13. Turn one weak sentence into a clearer version for a real listener.
14. Create a short question whose answer would require real.
15. Read your answer aloud and remove one word that adds no meaning.
16. Use which in a polite reply, then in a direct reply.
17. Write one true sentence that uses relative and fits the lesson target.
18. Say the first model again, but change its person, place or time.

Use your voice now

Zero-tech floor: use the page text, a timer and your phone recorder. No account, microphone permission or special app is required.

Explain who, which, that: relative clauses in real sentences in your own example

1. Plan three key points, not a full script.
2. Record the first attempt without stopping.
3. Listen once and mark one accuracy issue and one clarity issue.
4. Record again. Repair those two points, but keep the message natural.

Do not let the last lesson fade

Retrieve an older skill before looking back. State the purpose, connect two ideas with because or however, and finish with one clear action. Repeat the same moves using today’s topic.